Meyer, Matthias Kircher, Martin Gansauge, Marie-Theres Li, Heng Racimo, Fernando Mallick, Swapan Schraiber, Joshua G Jay, Flora Prüfer, Kay de Filippo, Cesare
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Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
We present a DNA library preparation method that has allowed us to reconstruct a high-coverage (30×) genome sequence of a Denisovan, an extinct relative of Neandertals. The quality of this genome allows a direct estimation of Denisovan heterozygosity indicating that genetic diversity in these archaic hominins was extremely low. It also allows tenta...
Gaydos, Laura J Wang, Wenchao Strome, Susan
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
For proper development, cells must retain patterns of gene expression and repression through cell division. Repression via methylation of histone H3 on Lys27 (H3K27me) by Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is conserved, but its transmission is not well understood. Our studies suggest that PRC2 represses the X chromosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans...
Zhang, Guojie Li, Cai Li, Qiye Li, Bo Larkin, Denis M Lee, Chul Storz, Jay F Antunes, Agostinho Greenwold, Matthew J Meredith, Robert W
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Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific...
Lowe, Craig B Kellis, Manolis Siepel, Adam Raney, Brian J Clamp, Michele Salama, Sofie R Kingsley, David M Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin Haussler, David
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
The gain, loss, and modification of gene regulatory elements may underlie a substantial proportion of phenotypic changes on animal lineages. To investigate the gain of regulatory elements throughout vertebrate evolution, we identified genome-wide sets of putative regulatory regions for five vertebrates, including humans. These putative regulatory r...
Abi-Rached, Laurent Jobin, Matthew J Kulkarni, Subhash McWhinnie, Alasdair Dalva, Klara Gragert, Loren Babrzadeh, Farbod Gharizadeh, Baback Luo, Ma Plummer, Francis A
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Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a ...
Jarvis, Erich D Mirarab, Siavash Aberer, Andre J Li, Bo Houde, Peter Li, Cai Ho, Simon Y W Faircloth, Brant C Nabholz, Benoit Howard, Jason T
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Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergen...
Briggs, Adrian W Good, Jeffrey M Green, Richard E Krause, Johannes Maricic, Tomislav Stenzel, Udo Lalueza-Fox, Carles Rudan, Pavao Brajkovic, Dejana Kucan, Zeljko
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Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Analysis of Neandertal DNA holds great potential for investigating the population history of this group of hominins, but progress has been limited due to the rarity of samples and damaged state of the DNA. We present a method of targeted ancient DNA sequence retrieval that greatly reduces sample destruction and sequencing demands and use this metho...
Zhou, Jie Lancaster, Laura Donohue, John Paul Noller, Harry F
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Translocation of messenger and transfer RNA (mRNA and tRNA) through the ribosome is a crucial step in protein synthesis, whose mechanism is not yet understood. The crystal structures of three Thermus ribosome-tRNA-mRNA-EF-G complexes trapped with β,γ-imidoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (GDPNP) or fusidic acid reveal conformational changes occurring duri...
Strome, Susan
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
Zhang, Qiucen Lambert, Guillaume Liao, David Kim, Hyunsung Robin, Kristelle Tung, Chih-kuan Pourmand, Nader Austin, Robert H
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.)
The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, yet the variables that influence the rate of emergence of resistance are not well understood. In a microfluidic device designed to mimic naturally occurring bacterial niches, resistance of Escherichia coli to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin developed within 10 hours. Resistance eme...